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Looking to the Future

How can the mathematical community address these problems? As I see it, several options must be explored simultaneously.

$\bullet$ Multiple entry and reentry points into mathematics. For example, the Ada Comstock program at Smith College allows older women who left school in order to raise a family to finish their ``bachelor's'' degree. Certain graduate programs, like the one at New York University, are receptive to older students or those who have taken some time off. Joan Birman would not have been able to get a Ph.D. at a school like Columbia, where she is now a professor, because her personal circumstances necessitated starting out on a part-time basis, and Columbia does not allow part-time graduate students in mathematics. The National Science Foundation has a program for women in mathematics who are returning to research.

$\bullet$ Part-time options. There should be ways for mathematicians to have a part-time status during certain periods of their careers, perhaps in graduate school or as a professor. This is one way of allowing people to have children and yet remain professionally active, even if it is at a reduced pace for a few years.

$\bullet$ Optional extension of tenure clock. For extenuating personal circumstances, such as having children, the tenure-track period could be lengthened. Many colleges and universities are already beginning to institute such policies.

$\bullet$ Support systems. Day care at mathematics meetings, flexible teaching schedules, and regular day care at colleges and universities are important.

$\bullet$ A change in attitude in the mathematics community. Informal factors, such as attitudes, can be as important as formal policies in determining the feasibility of women returning to mathematics. As long as taking time off is frowned upon, women who attempt to return will have a very difficult time being accepted or succeeding.

When the mathematics community conveys a clear message that having children is not in conflict with a career in mathematics, we will have gone a long ways toward fully embracing women in mathematics.

Next: Conclusion Up: Merging and Emerging Lives: Previous: Integrating Children with Professional